A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Santosh Kumar, A.
- Transfersomes: A New Vesicular Carrier System in Topical Drug Delivery
Authors
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy , Bapatla, Guntur dist. Andhra Pradesh, IN
Source
Research Journal of Topical and Cosmetic Sciences, Vol 4, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 26-31Abstract
Molecules greater than 500 Da normally do not cross the skin. This prevents epicutaneous delivery of the high molecular weight therapeutics as well as non-invasive transcutaneous immunisation. Extremely deformable vesicles prepared by the judicious combination of several materials provide a solution to this problem: the resulting agent carriers, transfersomes, are the only tested colloidal system that can transport even large macromolecules spontaneously through the skin in immunologically active form. Transfersomes are applied in a non-occluded method to the skin and have been shown to permeate through the stratum corneum lipid lamellar regions as a result of the hydration or osmotic force in the skin. Transfersomes are made up of a phospholipids component along with a surfactant mixture. The uniqueness of this type of drug carrier system lies in the fact that it can accommodate hydrophilic, lipophilic as well as amphiphilic drugs. These drugs find place in different places in the elastic vesicle before they get delivered beneath the skin. Peripheral drug targeting, transdermal immunization can also be achieved with this type of drug delivery system. The Transfersomes are characterized for entrapment efficiency, Vesicle Diameter ,Vesicle size distribution and zeta potential, No. of vesicles per cubic mm ,Confocal scanning laser microscopy study ,Degree of deformability or permeability measurement ,Turbidity measurement Drug content : Surface charge and charge density, Penetration ability ,Occlusion effect, Physical stability, In-vitro drug release, Invitro Skin permeation Studies, etc. These carrier systems are preferred over other carrier systems, as these are biodegradable, biocompatable and nontoxic carrier with better potential for skin penetration and prolongation of drug release. They can act as a carrier for low as well as high molecular weight drugs e.g. analgesic, anesthetic, corticosteroids, sex hormone, anticancer, insulin, gap junction protein, and albumin.Keywords
Elastic Vesicles, Transfersomes, Permeation Flux, Stability Enhancer.References
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- Socio-demographic Characteristics of Life Term Prisoners in a Central Jail and its Association with Reasons for Crime
Authors
1 Department of Community Medicine, JSS Medical College, Mysore, IN
2 Department of Community Medicine, Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shimoga, IN
3 Department of Community Medicine, KBN Medical College, Gulbarga, IN
4 Department of Community Medicine, MR Medical College, Gulbarga, IN
5 Department of Population Policies & Programmes, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 5, No 3 (2014), Pagination: 239-244Abstract
Background: For planning any prevention and control strategies, the knowledge of socio-demographic factors and criminal activities is necessary. There are many studies conducted on this issue, however only few of them pertain to Indian population. Moreover, India has diverse socio-demographic and cultural practices that may influence the quantity and quality of crime.
Objectives: To study the socio-demographic characteristics of life term prisoners and its association with the reasons for committing crime.
Materials and method: A cross sectional study was conducted on 300 life term prisoners of central prison of Gulbarga. Data was collected using pre-designed and pre-tested proforma. Chi-square test was applied to test the association at 5% level of significance using statistical package SYSTAT 13.
Results: It was found that rural people, unmarried, illiterates, lower socio-economic status people were more likely to have committed the crime resulting in the conviction for life. Property dispute was the leading reason for committing crime in men and dowry in women. Gender, place of residence, education and socio-economic status were significantly associated with reasons for committing crime.
Conclusion: A further multi-centric study at larger level is recommended to identify the independent predictors of crimes leading to life imprisonment. There is an urgent need for a focussed primary prevention strategies utilizing the information on independent predictors to control the population of our overcrowded prisons.